# Google Scholar

Search Google Scholar to retrieve academic papers, articles, and research results in JSON format.

> **Known issue (2026-08-16):** This endpoint currently returns zero results for every query. Google Scholar is blocking requests from the proxy fleet's IP ranges specifically — identical requests succeed from other networks. Tracked as an open infrastructure issue; the request/response shape below reflects the intended behavior once resolved, not what the endpoint currently returns.

## Endpoint

```
GET /v1/scholar/{query}
```

## Description

The Google Scholar Search endpoint allows you to search for academic papers, articles, and research on Google Scholar. The query parameter should be a URL-encoded query string that follows Google's search parameter format.

For reference on Google search parameters, check out our [Google Search Operators guide](/docs/guides/search-operators).

## Authentication

All requests require authentication using the `X-Api-Key` header. See the [Authentication guide](/docs/guides/authentication) for more details.

## Path Parameters

### `query` (required)

**Type:** `string`

A URL-encoded query string. This should follow Google's search parameter format.

**Examples:**
- `q=high+frequency+trading`
- `q=machine+learning+neural+networks`

## Request Headers

### `X-Proxy-Location` (optional)

**Type:** `string`

Specify the proxy location for the search. Available options:

- `EU` - European Union
- `CA` - Canada
- `US` - United States
- `IE` - Ireland
- `GB` - United Kingdom
- `FR` - France
- `DE` - Germany
- `SE` - Sweden
- `IN` - India
- `JP` - Japan
- `KR` - South Korea
- `SG` - Singapore
- `AU` - Australia
- `BR` - Brazil

### `X-User-Agent` (optional)

**Type:** `string`

Specify the user agent type. Available options:

- `desktop` - Desktop user agent (default)
- `mobile` - Mobile user agent

## Request Example

### Using cURL

```bash
curl --request GET \
  --url 'https://api.serply.io/v1/scholar/q=high+frequency+trading' \
  --header 'X-Api-Key: YOUR_API_KEY'
```

### Using JavaScript/Node.js

```javascript
const response = await fetch('https://api.serply.io/v1/scholar/q=high+frequency+trading', {
  headers: {
    'X-Api-Key': 'YOUR_API_KEY'
  }
});
const data = await response.json();
console.log(data);
```

### Using Python

```python
import requests

headers = {
    'X-Api-Key': 'YOUR_API_KEY'
}

response = requests.get(
    'https://api.serply.io/v1/scholar/q=high+frequency+trading',
    headers=headers
)
data = response.json()
print(data)
```

## Response

The API returns a JSON object containing an array of search results.

### Response Structure

```json
{
  "results": [
    {
      "title": "Paper Title",
      "link": "https://example.com/paper.pdf",
      "description": "Abstract or description of the paper..."
    }
  ],
  "total": 100,
  "ts": 1234567890,
  "device_region": "US",
  "device_type": "desktop"
}
```

### Response Fields

- **`results`** (array): An array of search result objects
  - **`title`** (string): The title of the academic paper or article
  - **`link`** (string): The URL to the paper or article
  - **`description`** (string): The abstract or description of the paper
- **`total`** (integer): Total number of results available
- **`ts`** (integer): Timestamp of the search
- **`device_region`** (string): The device region used for the search
- **`device_type`** (string): The device type used for the search

### Example Response

```json
{
  "results": [
    {
      "title": "High-Frequency Trading in a Limit Order Market",
      "link": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/2325066",
      "description": "We analyze a limit order market where traders can submit both market and limit orders. We show that high-frequency traders..."
    },
    {
      "title": "The Impact of High-Frequency Trading on Market Quality",
      "link": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304407613001234",
      "description": "This paper examines the impact of high-frequency trading on various measures of market quality including liquidity, volatility, and price efficiency..."
    }
  ],
  "total": 1250,
  "ts": 1234567890,
  "device_region": "US",
  "device_type": "desktop"
}
```

## Status Codes

- **200 OK** - Successful response
- **404 Not Found** - The requested resource was not found
- **422 Unprocessable Entity** - The request was well-formed but contains semantic errors
- **429 Too Many Requests** - Rate limit exceeded

## Error Responses

See the [Errors guide](/docs/guides/errors) for information on error response formats.